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251. National language.-(1) The National language of Pakistan is Urdu, and arrangements shall be made for its being used for official and other purposes within fifteen years from the commencing day.

(2) Subject to clause (1), the English language may be used for official purposes until arrangements are made for its replacement by Urdu.

(3) Without prejudice to the status of the National Language, a Provincial Assembly may by law prescribe measure for the teaching, promotion and use of a provincial language in addition to the national language.

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Footnotes:

Comparative Table of Article 251 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 :
Constitution of Pakistan 1962 :
215
Constitution of Pakistan 1956 :
214
Constitution of India 1950:
343
Government of India Act 1935:
Omitted.
Leading & Latest Cases on Article 251 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 :

P L D 1967 SC 501
SHAMSUDDIN AHMED
REGISTRAR, HIGH COURT OF EAST PAKISTAN, DACCA

248. Protection to President, Governor, Minister, etc.-(1) The President, a Governor, the Prime Minister, a Federal Minister, a Minister of State, the Chief Minister and a Provincial Minister shall not be answerable to any Court for the exercise of powers and performance of functions of their respective offices or for any act done or purported to be done in the exercise of those powers and performance of those functions:

Provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Federations or a Province.

(2) No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President or a Governor in any Court during his term of office.

(3) No process for the arrest or imprisonment of the President or a Governor shall issue from any Court during his term of office.

(4) No civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the President or a Governor shall be instituted during his term of office in respect of anything done or not done by him in his personal capacity whether before or after he enters upon his office unless, at least sixty days before the proceedings are instituted, notice in writing has been delivered to him, or sent to him in the manner prescribed by law, stating the nature of the proceedings, the cause of action, the name, description, and place of residence of the party by whom the proceedings are to be instituted and the relief which the party claims.

245. Functions of Armed Forces.- 1[(1)] The Armed Forces shall, under the directions of the Federal Government, defend Pakistan against external aggression or threat of war, and, subject to law, act in aid of civil power when called upon to do so.

(2) The validity of any direction issued by the Federal Government under clause (1), shall not be called in question in any Court.

(3) A High Court shall not exercise any jurisdiction under Article 199 in relation to any area in which the Armed Forced of Pakistan are, for the time being, acting in aid of civil power in pursuance of Article 245:

Provided that this clause shall not be deemed to affect the jurisdiction of the High Court in respect of any proceeding pending immediately before the day on which the Armed Forces start acting in aid of civil power.

(4) Any proceeding in relation to an area referred to in clause (3) instituted on or after the day the Armed Forces start acting in aid of civil power and pending in any High Court shall remain suspended for the period during which the Armed Forces are so acting.]

_____________________________________________________________________ Footnotes:

1. Section 4 of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1977, (23 of 1977), renumbered Art. 245 as 245(1) and added clauses 2, 3 and 4 thereto (w.e.f. April 21, 1977).

Comparative Table of Article 245 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
Constitution of Pakistan 1962 :
—
Constitution of Pakistan 1956 :
—
Constitution of India 1950:
—
Government of India Act 1935:
—

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Leading & Latest Cases on Article 245 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973:

P L D 1977 LAHORE 846
DARVESH M. ARBEY
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
P L D 1980 LAHORE 206
DARWESH M. ARBEY
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
P L D 1991 KARACHI 1
KHALID MALIK AND OTHERS
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
P L D 1999 SC 46 SHAHID ORAKZAI Mian MUHAMMAD NAWAZ SHARIF, PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
P L D 1999 SC 504 SH. LIAQUAT HUSSAIN AND OTHERS FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN through Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliament
P L D 2009 SC 879
SINDH HIGH COURT BAR ASSOCIATION THROUGH ITS SECRETARY AND ANOTHER
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN THROUGH SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE

P L D 2013 SC 1 AIR MARSHAL (RETD.) MUHAMMAD ASGHAR KHAN GENERAL (RETD.) MIRZA ASLAM BAIG, FORMER CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF AND OTHER

Article: 239 Constitution amendment Bill
1[239. Constitution amendment Bill.-(1) A Bill to amend the Constitution may originate in either House and, when the Bill has been passed by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House, it shall be transmitted to the other House.

(2) If the Bill is passed without amendment by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House to which it is transmitted under clause (1), it shall, subject to the provisions of clause (4), be presented to the President for assent.
(3) If the Bill is passed with amendment by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House to which it is transmitted under clause (1), it shall be reconsidered by the House in which it had or originated, and if the Bill as amended by the former House is passed by the latter by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership it shall, subject to the provisions of clause (4), be presented to the President for assent.
(4) A Bill to amend the Constitution which would have the effect of altering the limits of a Province shall not be presented to the President for assent unless it has been passed by the Provincial Assembly of that Province by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership.
(5) No amendment of the Constitution shall be called in question in any Court on any ground whatsoever.
(6) For the removal of doubt, it is hereby declared that there is no limitation whatever on the power of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) to amend any of the provisions of the Constitution.]

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Footnotes:

1. Section 3 of the Constitution (Second Amendment) Order, 1985, P.O. No. 20 of 1985, substituted Art. 239, in its present form, (w.e.f. March 17, 1985), in place of the Art. as amended by item 48 of the schedule to P.O. No. 14 of 1985, (w.e.f. March 2, 1985). Art. 239 as first amended in 1985, read :
   “239. Constitution Amendment Bill. — (1) A Bill to amend the Constitution may originate in either House and when the Bill has been passed by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House it shall be transmitted to the other House.
   (2) If the Bill is passed without amendment by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House to which it is transmitted under Clause (1), it shall be transmitted to all the Provincial Assemblies.
   (3) If the Bill is passed with an amendment by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House to which it is transmitted under clause (1), it shall be reconsidered by the House in which it had originated; and if the Bill as amended by the former House is passed by the latter by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership it shall be transmitted to all the Provincial Assemblies.
   (4) Subject to clause (5), if the Bill transmitted to the Provincial Assemblies under clause (2) or clause (3) is passed by each such Assembly by a majority of the total number of its members present and voting, it shall be presented to the President for assent.
   (5) A Bill to amend the Constitution which would have the effect of altering the limits of a Province shall not be presented to the President for assent unless it has been passed by the Provincial Assembly of that Province by the votes of not less than two-thirds of its total membership.
   (6) No amendment of the Constitution shall be called in question in any Court on any ground whatsoever.
   (7) For the removal of doubt, it is hereby declared that there is no limitation whatever on the power of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) to amend by way of addition, modification or repeal any of the provisions of the Constitution.”
   Article 239 as adopted in 1973 read :
   “239. Constitution Amendment Bill.-(1) A Bill to amend the Constitution shall originate in the National Assembly and when the Bill has been passed by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Assembly it shall be transmitted to the Senate.
   (2) If the Bill is passed by the Senate by a majority of the total membership of the Senate it shall be presented to the President for assent.
   (3) If the Bill is passed by the Senate with amendments, it shall be reconsidered by the National Assembly; and if the Bill as amended by the Senate is passed by the Assembly by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Assembly, it shall be presented to the President for assent.
   (4) If the Bill is not passed by the Senate within ninety days from the day of its receipt the Bill shall be deemed to have been rejected by the Senate.
   (5) The President shall assent to the Bill within seven days of the presentation of the Bill to him, and if he fails to do so he shall be deemed to have assented thereto at the expiration of that period.
   (6) When the President has assented to or is deemed to have assented to the Bill, the Bill shall become Act of Parliament, and the Constitution shall stand amended in accordance with the terms thereof.
   (7) A Bill to amend the Constitution which would have the effect of altering the limits of a
   The province shall not be passed by the National Assembly unless it has been approved by a resolution of the Provincial Assembly of that Province passed by the votes of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of that Assembly.”

237. 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may make laws of indemnity, etc.-Nothing in the Constitution shall prevent 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] from making any law indemnifying any person in the service of the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, or any other person, in respect of any act done in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area in Pakistan.

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Footnotes:

1. See Footnote 2 on article 1

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Comparative Table of Article 237 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973:
Constitution of Pakistan 1962 :
223A
Constitution of Pakistan 1956 :
196

Constitution of India 1950:

Government of India Act 1935:

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Leading & Latest Cases on Article 237 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 :

P L D 1977 LAHORE 846 DARVESH M. ARBEY FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
P L D 1989 KARACHI 304
AIJAZ HAROON
INAM DURRANI
P L D 1999 SC 395 syed JALAL MEHMOOD SHAH AND ANOTHER FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN
P L D 1999 SC 504
SH. LIAQUAT HUSSAIN AND OTHERS
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN through Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliament
P L D 2009 SC 879 SINDH HIGH COURT BAR ASSOCIATION THROUGH ITS SECRETARY AND ANOTHER FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN THROUGH SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE

235. Proclamation in case of financial emergency.-(1) If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the economic life, financial stability or credit of Pakistan, or any part thereof, is threatened, he may, after consultation with the Governor of the Provinces or, as the case may be, the Governor of the Province concerned, by Proclamation make a declaration to that effect, and while such a Proclamation is in force, the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the giving of directions to any Province to observe such principles of financial propriety as may be specified in the directions, and to the giving of such other directions as the President may deem necessary in the interest of the economic life, financial stability or credit of Pakistan or any part thereof.
     (2) Notwithstanding anything in the Constitution, any such directions may include a provisions requiring a reduction of the salary and allowances of all or any class of persons serving in connection with the affairs of a Province.
     (3) While a Proclamation issued under this Article is in force the President may issue directions for the reduction of the salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving in connection with the affairs of the Federation.

(4) The provisions of clauses (3) and (4) of Article 234 shall apply to a Proclamation issued under this Article as they apply to a Proclamation issued under that Article.

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Footnotes:

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Comparative Table of Article 235 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973:
Constitution of Pakistan 1962 :
30
Constitution of Pakistan 1956 :
194
Constitution of India 1950:
360
Government of India Act 1935:

44

Leading & Latest Cases on Article 235 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 :

P L D 1976 LAHORE 1250 MUHAMMAD SULEMAN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
1997 SCMR 1026
MUHAMMAD SHABBIR AHMED NASIR
SECRETARY, FINANCE DIVISION, ISLAMABAD AND ANOTHER
P L D 2008 SC 735 LET. GEN (R) SALAHUDDIN TIRMIZI ELECTION COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN

232. Proclamation of emergency on account of war, internal disturbance, etc.—(1) If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists in which the security of Pakistan, or any part thereof, is threatened by war or external aggression, or by internal disturbance beyond the power of a Provincial Government to control, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency 1[ : ]

1[Provided that for imposition of emergency due to internal disturbances beyond the powers of a Provincial Government to control, a Resolution from the Provincial Assembly of that Province shall be required:

Provided further that if the President acts on his own, the Proclamation of Emergency shall be placed before both Houses of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) for approval by each House within ten days.]

(2) Notwithstanding anything in the Constitution, while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, —

2[(a) Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) shall have power to make laws for a Province, or any part thereof, with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Federal Legislative List or the Concurrent Legislative List;]

(b) the executive authority of the Federation shall extend to the giving of directions to a Province as to the manner in which the executive authority of the Province is to be exercised; and

(c) the Federal Government may by Order assume to itself, or direct the Governor of a Province to assume on behalf of the Federal Government, all or any of the functions of the Government of the Province, and all or any of the powers vested in, or exercisable by, any body or authority in the Province other than the Provincial Assembly, and make such incidental and consequential provisions as appear to the Federal Government to be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the objects of the Proclamation, including provisions for suspending, in whole or in part, the operation of any provisions of the Constitution relating to any body or authority in the Province:

Provided that nothing in paragraph (c) shall authorise, the Federal Government to assume to itself, or direct the Governor of the Province to assume on its behalf, any of the powers vested in or exercisable by a High Court, or to suspend either in whole or in part the operation of any provisions of the Constitution relating to High Courts.

(3) The power of3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] to make laws for a Province with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorizing the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties upon the Federation, or officers and authorities of the Federation, as respects that matter.

(4) Nothing in this Article shall restrict the power of a Provincial Assembly to make any law which under the Constitution it has power to make, but if any provision of a Provincial law is repugnant to any provision of an Act of 3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] which 3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] has under this Article power to make, the Act of 3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] whether passed before or after the Provincial law, shall prevail and the Provincial law shall, to the extent of the repugnancy, but so long only as the Act of3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] continues to have effect, be void.

(5) A law made by 3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)], which 3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] would not but for the issue of a Proclamation of Emergency have been competent to make, shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of six months after the Proclamation of Emergency has ceased to be in force, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the expiration of the said period.

(6) While a Proclamation of Emergency is in force,3[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] may by law extend the term of the National Assembly for a period not exceeding one year and not extending in any case beyond a period of six months after the Proclamation has ceased to be in force.

(7) A Proclamation of Emergency shall be laid before a joint sitting which shall be summoned by the President to meet within thirty days of the Proclamation being issued and—

(a) shall cease to be in force at the expiration of two months unless before the expiration of that period it has been approved by a resolution of the joint sitting; and

4[(b) shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph (a), cease to be in force upon a resolution disapproving the Proclamation being passed by the votes of the majority of the total memberships of the two Houses in joint sitting.]

(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (7), if the National Assembly stands dissolved at the time when a Proclamation of Emergency is issued, the Proclamation shall continue in force for a period of four months but, if a general election to the Assembly is not held before the expiration of that period, it shall cease to be in force at the expiration of that period unless it has earlier been approved by a resolution of the Senate.

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Footnotes:

1. Section 86 of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (10 of 2010), substituted a colon, in place of the full stop, at the end of clause (1) of Art. 232 and added the said new provisos thereto, (w.e.f. April 19, 2010).
2. Item 47 of the Schedule to P.O. No. 14 of 1985, substituted paragraph (a) of clause 2 of Art. 232 in its present form, (w.e.f. March 2, 1985), in place of the said paragraph as adopted in 1973, that read :

“(a) Parliament shall have power to make laws for a province, or any part thereof, with respect to any matter enumerated in Part II of the Federal Legislative List or the Concurrent Legislative List or with respect to any matter not enumerated in either of those Lists, as if it were a matter specified in Part I of the Federal Legislative List;”

3. See Footnote 2 on page 4.
4. Section 3 of the Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1975 (22 of 1975) substituted paragraph (b) of clause 7 of Article 232, in its present form, (w.e.f. February 13, 1975), in place of the said paragraph as adopted in 1973, read :

“(b) may by resolution of a joint sitting, be continued in force for a period not exceeding six months at a time.”

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Comparative Table of Article 232 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973:
Constitution of Pakistan 1962 :
30(a)(b)
Constitution of Pakistan 1956 :
191(1)
Constitution of India 1950:
355
Government of India Act 1935:

45(1)(a)(b)

Leading & Latest Cases on Article 232 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 :

P L D 1972 SC 139 ASMA JILANI GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB AND ANOTHER
P L D 1976 LAHORE 1250
MUHAMMAD SULEMAN
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
P L D 1999 SC 504 SH. LIAQUAT HUSSAIN AND OTHERS FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN through Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliament
P L D 2000 SC 869
SYED ZAFAR ALI SHAH AND OTHERS
GENERAL PERVEZ. MUSHARRAF, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
P L D 1999 SC 57
SARDAR FAROOQ AHMED KHAN LEGHARI
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
1999 CLC 607 SHAUKAT ALI MIAN AND ANOTHER THE FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN
P L D 2000 SC 111
JAMIAT-ISLAM PAKISTAN through Syed Munawar Hassan, Secretary-General
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN through Secretary, Law, Justice and Affairs
P L D 2001 SC 233
WASIM SAJJAD AND OTHERS
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN THROUGH SECRETARY CABINET DIVISION AND OTHERS
P L D 2008 SC 178 TIKA IQBAL MUHAMMAD KHAN GENERAL PERVEZ MUSHARAF & OTHERS
P L D 2008 SC 735
LET. GEN (R) SALAHUDDIN TIRMIZI
ELECTION COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN

227. Provisions relating to the Holy Quran and Sunnah.-(1) All existing laws shall be brought in conformity with the Injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah, in this Part referred to as the Injunctions of Islam, and no law shall be enacted which is repugnant to such injunctions.

1[Explanation.-In the application of this clause to the personal law of any Muslim sect, the expression “Quran and Sunnah” shall mean the Quran and Sunnah as interpreted by that sect.]

(2) Effect shall be given to the provisions of clause (1) only in the manner provided in this Part.

(3) Nothing in this Part shall affect the personal laws of non-Muslim citizens or their status as citizens.

Footnotes:

1. Section 2 of the Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1980, P.O. No. 14 of 1980, added the said Explanation to Art. 227, (w.e.f. September 18, 1980).

Comparative Table of Article 227 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973:
Constitution of Pakistan 1962 :
204(a)&(b)
Constitution of Pakistan 1956 :
198

Constitution of India 1950:

Government of India Act 1935:

Leading & Latest Cases on Article 227 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 :

P L D 1993 SC 901
KANEEZ FATIMA
WALI MUHAMMAD AND ANOTHER
P L D 1997 LAHORE 434
DR. HAMEED AHMAD AYAZ
GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB
P L D 2000 SC 225
Dr. M. Aslam Khaki
Syed Muhammad Hashim and 2 others
P L D 2001 KARACHI 240
RAUF B. KADRI AND OTHERS
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN THROUGH FEDERAL SECRETARY LAW AND OTHERS
P L D 2001 SC 18
HAJI RANA MUHAMMAD SHABBIR AHMAD KHAN
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN THROUGH ATTORNEY-GENERAL FOR PAKISTAN
P L D 2005 LAHORE 354 HAFIZ ASMATULLAH GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB AND OTHERS

PART VIII

Elections

CHAPTER 1. – CHIEF ELECTION COMMISSIONER AND ELECTION 1[COMMISSION].

213.Chief Election Commissioner.-(1) There shall be a Chief Election Commissioner (in this Part referred to as the Commissioner), who shall be appointed by the President 2[****].

            (2) No person shall be appointed to be Commissioner unless he is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court or is, or has been, a Judge of a High Court and is qualified under paragraph (a) of clause (2) of Article 177 to be appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court.

            3[(2A). The Prime Minister shall in consultation with the Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly, forward three names for appointment of the Commissioner to a Parliamentary Committee for hearing and confirmation of any one person.

             (2B) The Parliamentary Committee to be constituted by the Speaker shall comprise fifty percent members from the Treasury Benches and fifty percent from the Opposition Parties, based on their strength in Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament), to be nominated by the respective Parliamentary Leaders:

             Provided that in case there is no consensus between the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, each shall forward separate lists to the Parliamentary Committee for consideration which may confirm any one name:

       4[Provided further that the total strength of the Parliamentary Committee shall be twelve members out of which one-third shall be from the Senate.]

             Provided also that when the National Assembly is dissolved and a vacancy occurs in the office of the Chief Election Commissioner, the 5[total membership of the Parliamentary Committee shall consists of] the members from the Senate only and the foregoing provisions of this clause shall, mutatis mutandis. apply.]

            (3)  The Commissioner shall have such powers and functions as are conferred on him by the Constitution and law.

Footnotes:

Section 3 of the Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 2016 (XXV of 2016), substituted the said word, in place of the word “COMMISSIONS” in the heading, in Chapter 1 of Part VIII of the Constitution, (w.e.f. June 9, 2016).
Section 77(i) of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (10 of 2010), omitted the words “in his discretion” from clause (1) of Art. 213, (w.e.f. April 19, 2010). Item 46 of the schedule to RCO (P.O. No. 14 of 1985), was added the said words at the end of clause 1 of Art. 213, (w.e.f. March 2, 1985).
Section 77(ii) of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (10 of 2010), inserted new clauses (2A) and (2B), in their present form, after clause (2) of Art. 213, (w.e.f. April 19, 2010).
Section 6(i) of the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (1 of 2011), substituted the second proviso of clause (2B) of Art. 213, in its present form, (w.e.f. January 1, 2011), in place of the said second proviso as adopted by Section 77(ii) of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (10 of 2010), (w.e.f. April 19, 2010). The second proviso, as adopted in April, 2010, read :
Provided further that the total strength of the Parliamentary Committee shall not exceed twelve members out of which one-third shall be from the Senate:

      5. Section 6(ii) of the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (1 of 2011), substituted the said words, in place of the words “Parliamentary Committee shall comprise”, in the third proviso to clause (2B) of Art. 213, (w.e.f. January 1, 2011),

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Comparative Table of Article 213 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973:
Constitution of Pakistan 1962 :
147
Constitution of Pakistan 1956 :
137(2)

Constitution of India 1950:

Government of India Act 1935:
291

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Leading & Latest Cases on Article 213 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 :

P L D 1993 SC 473
MUHAMMAD NAWAZ SHARIF
PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN AND OTHERS
P L D 1995 SC 66
SABIR SHAH
SHAD MUHAMMAD KHAN, MEMBER PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLY, NWFP AND ANOTHER
P L D 2003 LAHORE 43
PAKISTAN LAWYERS FORUM
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN AND 2 OTHERS
SC Judgment against the appointment of Chairman,National Accountability Bureau Ch. Nisar Ali Khan Federation of Pakistan, etc.

20. Freedom to profess religion and to manage religious institutions. Subject to law, public order and morality

(a) every citizen shall have the right to profess, practise and propagate his religion; and

(b) every religious denomination and every sect thereof shall have the right to establish, maintain and manage its religious institutions.

Footnotes:

Comparative Table of Article 20 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
Constitution of Pakistan 1962 :
6(IV.10)

Constitution of Pakistan 1956 :
18

Constitution of India 1950:
26

Government of India Act 1935:

Leading & Latest Cases on Article 20 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 :

P L D 1978 LAHORE 113 ABDUR REHMAN AND OTHERS AMIR ALI SHAH BOKHARI AND OTHERS
1993 SCMR 1718
ZAHEERUDDIN
STATE
P L D 1998 KARACHI 189
PERCY ROBINSON AND OTHERS
REVEREND BASHIR JIWAN AND OTHERS
P L D 1998 SC 161
MALIK ASAD ALI AND OTHERS
FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN THROUGH SECRETARY, LAW, JUSTICE AND PARLIAMENTAF
P L D 2005 LAHORE 354
HAFIZ ASMATULLAH
GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB AND OTHERS
2005 CLC 678 HAJI MUHAMMAD HANIF ABBASI AND 2 OTHERS CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY THROUGH CHAIRMAN, ISLAMABAD
P L D 2007 KARACHI 116
IMDAD HUSSAIN
PROVINCE OF SINDH THROUGH SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT OF SINDH